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''Lithoglyphus naticoides'', common name the "gravel snail", is a species of small or minute freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae. ''Lithoglyphus naticoides'' is the type species of the genus ''Lithoglyphus''.〔("Species in genus ''Lithoglyphus''" ). AnimalBase, accessed 22 May 2011.〕 == Distribution == The distribution of ''Lithoglyphus naticoides'' in the Pliocene ranged from Western Europe to Western Siberia.〔 Its distribution subsequently shrank to the Ponto-Azov area during cooler eras.〔 The distribution of this species is Pontic.〔 Lisický M. J. (1991). (''Mollusca Slovenska'' ) (Slovak molluscs ). VEDA vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, Bratislava, 344 pp.〕 The native distribution includes only Black Sea rivers and the Danube up to Regensburg, from southeastern to central Europe.〔 It has also artificially colonized other parts of Europe. After 1800 it was introduced to the Elbe and Rhine regions.〔 After 1960 it has become almost extinct due to water pollution in central Europe.〔 This snail is found in the following countries: Western Europe: * Netherlands * France〔Mouthon J. (2007). "''Lithoglyphus naticoides'' (Pfeiffer) (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): distribution in France, population dynamics and life cycle in the Saône river at Lyon (France)". ''Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology'' 43(1): 53-59. .〕〔 Central Europe: * Austria * Czech Republic - endangered〔 ("Red List of the molluscs (Mollusca) of the Czech Republic" ). accessed 22 May 2011.〕 in Moravia〔 * Germany - high endangered (''Stark gefährdet'')〔Glöer P. & Meier-Brook C. (2003). ''Süsswassermollusken''. DJN, pp. 134, page 107, ISBN 3-923376-02-2〕 It is critically endangered in Sachsen-Anhalt and in Baden-Württemberg.〔 * Poland - endangered, non-indigenous〔Piechocki A. ("''Lithoglyphus naticoides'' (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)" ). Polish Red Data Book of Animals, accessed 22 May 2011.〕 * Slovakia〔 Horsák M., Juřičková L., Beran L., Čejka T. & Dvořák L. (2010). "Komentovaný seznam měkkýšů zjištěných ve volné přírodě České a Slovenské republiky. (list of mollusc species recorded outdoors in the Czech and Slovak Republics )". ''Malacologica Bohemoslovaca'', Suppl. 1: 1-37. (PDF ).〕 Eastern Europe: * Latvia * Lithuania * Belarus〔Mastitsky S. E. & Samoilenko V. M. (2006). "The gravel snail, ''Lithoglyphus naticoides'' (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae), a new Ponto-Caspian species in Lake Lukomskoe (Belarus)". ''Aquatic Invasions'' 1(3): 161-170. , (PDF ).〕〔 * Ukraine〔 * Russia〔Yakovlev V. A., Akhmetzyanova N. Sh. & Yakovleva A. V. (2010). "Distributional patterns and size-weight parameters of ''Lithoglyphus naticoides'' (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) in the upper reach of the Kuibyshev Reservoir". ''Russian Journal of Biological Invasions'' 1(4): 313-322. .〕 It was found in the delta of Volga river in 1971.〔 It has spread upstream since 1971 inhabiting also reservoirs including: Volgograd Reservoir, Saratov Reservoir, Kuybyshev Reservoir and Gorky Reservoir.〔 * Turkey〔Yildirim M. Z., Koca S. B. & Kebapçi U. (2006). "Supplement to the Prosobranchia (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Fauna of Fresh and Brackish Waters of Turkey". ''Turkish Journal of Zoology'' 30: 197-204. (PDF ).〕 Asia: * Bukhtarminskoe Reservoir on the Irtysh River in Kazakhstan〔 It has reached population densities of 700 snails per m² there.〔 North America: * Great Lakes〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lithoglyphus naticoides」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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